Abstract
Nighantus are described as Ayurvedic texts, in which various drugs have been described and mentioned on the basis of their identifying characters, properties, uses, actions and synonyms. Though we consider Bhavaprakasha Nighantu as a main source for Ayurvedic dravyas descriptions ( also called as ayurvedic materia medica) , various other Nighantus had also mentioned ayurvedic drugs in various context.
Bharangi botanically identified as Clerodendrum Serratum ( Linn) Moon is a medicinal plant well known for its numerous medicinal properties. Bharangi has been mentioned with a number of synonyms depicting its identifying morphological characters and pharmacological actions. Description of the drug can be traced in various Nighantus, under different chapters. However, a single hand, comprehensive information regarding Bharangi, its synonyms, pharmacological actions properties is not available. Twenty 23 Nighantus available in the library and online source of E-nighantu has been scrutinized. The present paper highlights the collective evidences of Bharangi from available 23 Nighantus.
The study reveals that, about 80 synonyms were attributed to describe Bharangi botanically and pharmacologically. The leaves of the plant are called as kharapatra, and angarvalli, kasaghni, brahmanyashti, vatari, gadarbhashaka are the synonyms which are identifying characteristics features for Bharangi. It is attributed with 40 chikitsa uupayogi ( useful in treatment ) properties like deepana, marutahara, shwasa, kasa, pinasa, gandamala etc. This review may enrich the documentary research of Bharangi and can be refer as detailed information regarding its usages in Ayurvedic Nighantus ( Lexicon).
References
1. Narahari. Raja nighantu. Tripathi Indradev, editor. 5 th edition, Mangalacharana, 01/09.Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi; 2006; pp. 03.
2. Shastri JLN. Editor. Textbook of Dravyaguna Vigyanana. Vol. 1. Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi; 2012; pp. 402.
3. Kirtikar. K.R. and Basu B.D.,Indian Medicinal Plants ,Text volume 3 rd, International Book Distributors,Dehradun,Uttaranchal, 2005 edition, pp 1948,1759.
4. Sharma P.C., Yelne M. B., Dennis T. J.; Database on Medicinal Plants used in Ayurveda, Volume-I; CCRAS, New Delhi, 2000; pp 73-78.
5.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318869824_a_critical_review_on_snuhi_euphorbia_nerifolia_linn_with_special_reference_to_ayurvedic_nighantus_lexicons
6. Amarsingh. Sausruta Nighantu. ( E- Nighantu). Pippalayadi Gana. Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 13]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.]
7. Amarsingh. Sausruta Nighantu. ( E- Nighantu). Aragwadhadi Gana. Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 13]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.]
8. Amarsingh. Sausruta Nighantu. ( E- Nighantu). Arkadi Gana. Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 13]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.]
9. Amarsingh. Sausruta Nighantu. ( E- Nighantu). Surasadi Gana. Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 13]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.]
10. Amarsingh. Sausruta Nighantu. ( E- Nighantu). Mustadi Gana. Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 13]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.]
11. Amarsinha, Amarkosha. Brahmananda Tripathi. Dwitiyakhanda. Vana-ousadhi varga, Editor. Commentary of ‘ Ratnaprabha’. Chaukhamba surabharati Prakashan;Varanasi; 2008, pp.89.
12. Vahata. Astanga Nighantu. Pippalyadi gana,( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
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15. Vahata. Astanga Nighantu. Vatsakadi gana,( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
16. Madhavakara. Paryayaratnamala. ,( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
17. Ravigupta. Siddhasara nighantu.( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
18. Chandranandana. Madanadi Nighantu. Gana Nighantu. Shodasha Gana.( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
19 . Chandranandana. Madanadi Nighantu. Gana Nighantu. Dwavish Gana.( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
20 . Chandranandana. Madanadi Nighantu. Gana Nighantu. Panchawish Gana.( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
21. Dwivedi BK. Editor. Dhanvantari Nighantu, Guduchyadi varga. Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, 2008,pp.102.
22. Chakrapanidatta. Shabdachandrika.( E- Nighantu). Vrukshadi varga. Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 15]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
23. Shodhala. Shodhala Nighantu. Sharma Priyavat. Editor. Guduchyadi varga, Orientalia Institute Baroda; 1978,pp.103.
24. Hemachandra suri. Nighantushesha. Gulma khanda.( E- Nighantu).Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 15]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
25. Abhidhanratnamala. Priyavat Sharma. Editor. Tikta Skandha. Adhyaya 4, Chaukhamba Oriental; Varanasi; 2008, pp.4.
26. Keshava. Siddhamantra Nighantu, ( commentary of Bopadeva), Kaphavataghna varga .( E- Nighantu).Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 15]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
27. Bopadeva. Hridayadipaka Nighantu. Priyavat Sharma. Editor. Ekpadavarga. ( Commentary of Bopadeva ) Chaukhamba Amar Bharati prakashan, Varanasi; 1977,pp.98.
28. Nripa Madanpala. Madanpala Nighantu. Harihar Prasad Tripathi. Editor. Abhayadi varga. Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; Varanasi, 2009, pp.46.
29. Kaiyadeva. Kaiyadeva Nighantu. Priyavata Sharma. Editor. Oushadhi Varga, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi;2009, pp.210.
30. Bhavamishra. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu.Chunekar K.C. Editor. Bhavaprakasha Purva Khanda Mishra Prakaran. Haritakyadi Varga. Chaukhamba Bharati Academy; Varanasi; 2010, pp. 98-100.
31. Narhari. Raja Nighantu, Tripathi Indradeva. Editor. Pippalayadi Varga. Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; Varanasi; 2006, pp.165.
32. Shivadatta. Shivakosa,( E- Nighantu).Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 16]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.) pp.106.
33. Shivadatta. Shivakosa,( E- Nighantu).Devloped by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 16]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.) pp.493.
34. Rajavallabha. Rajavallabha Nighantu. Ramprasad Vaidyoupadhyaya. Editor. Aushadhashraya Paricheda. Shiromani Narayan Das Pratisanskrita, 1983, pp.40.
35. Vyaskeshavaram. Laghu Nighantu,( E- Nighantu).Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 16]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
36. Shaligram. Shaligram Nighantu. Ashta Varga. Khemaraj Shrikrishnadas Prakashana, Mumbai; 2011,pp 199.
37. Bapalal Vaidya. Nighantu Adarsha. Vol-2, Nirgundyadi Varga, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy; Varanasi, 2005, pp. 255.
38. Aryadasa Kumara Singha, Mahoushadha Nighantu with Vidyotini Hindi Commentary and notes by Shri . Indradev Tripathi, 1 st edition, Chaukhambha Vidyabhawan, Varanasi, 1971, pp. 49.
39. Raja Radhakantdev Bahadur, Shabdakalpadrum, Vol 1-5, Nag Publishers, Delhi, 1988.
40. Apte, Vaman Shivram, The student’s English-Sanskrit dictionary, Biblio Bazaar; 2009.
41. William Monnier, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Oxford; 2007.
42. Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India e-book, Part-1. New Delhi; Govt. of India; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy; 2003.
43. Vd. Mrs. Pansare T.A., Comparative study of root and stem of Bharangi( Clerodendrum Serratum ( Linn) Moon) with special reference to standardization and anti-asthmatic action ( by experimental pharmacology), july 2012, pp 107.
44. Shastri JLN. Editor. Ayurvedokta Ousadha Niruktamala, Choukhambha orientalia Varanasi, 2014,pp. 79.
2. Shastri JLN. Editor. Textbook of Dravyaguna Vigyanana. Vol. 1. Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi; 2012; pp. 402.
3. Kirtikar. K.R. and Basu B.D.,Indian Medicinal Plants ,Text volume 3 rd, International Book Distributors,Dehradun,Uttaranchal, 2005 edition, pp 1948,1759.
4. Sharma P.C., Yelne M. B., Dennis T. J.; Database on Medicinal Plants used in Ayurveda, Volume-I; CCRAS, New Delhi, 2000; pp 73-78.
5.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318869824_a_critical_review_on_snuhi_euphorbia_nerifolia_linn_with_special_reference_to_ayurvedic_nighantus_lexicons
6. Amarsingh. Sausruta Nighantu. ( E- Nighantu). Pippalayadi Gana. Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 13]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.]
7. Amarsingh. Sausruta Nighantu. ( E- Nighantu). Aragwadhadi Gana. Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 13]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.]
8. Amarsingh. Sausruta Nighantu. ( E- Nighantu). Arkadi Gana. Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 13]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.]
9. Amarsingh. Sausruta Nighantu. ( E- Nighantu). Surasadi Gana. Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 13]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.]
10. Amarsingh. Sausruta Nighantu. ( E- Nighantu). Mustadi Gana. Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 13]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.]
11. Amarsinha, Amarkosha. Brahmananda Tripathi. Dwitiyakhanda. Vana-ousadhi varga, Editor. Commentary of ‘ Ratnaprabha’. Chaukhamba surabharati Prakashan;Varanasi; 2008, pp.89.
12. Vahata. Astanga Nighantu. Pippalyadi gana,( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
13. Vahata. Astanga Nighantu. Arkadi gana,( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
14. Vahata. Astanga Nighantu. Surasadi gana,( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
15. Vahata. Astanga Nighantu. Vatsakadi gana,( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
16. Madhavakara. Paryayaratnamala. ,( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
17. Ravigupta. Siddhasara nighantu.( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
18. Chandranandana. Madanadi Nighantu. Gana Nighantu. Shodasha Gana.( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
19 . Chandranandana. Madanadi Nighantu. Gana Nighantu. Dwavish Gana.( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
20 . Chandranandana. Madanadi Nighantu. Gana Nighantu. Panchawish Gana.( E- Nighantu). Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 14]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
21. Dwivedi BK. Editor. Dhanvantari Nighantu, Guduchyadi varga. Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, 2008,pp.102.
22. Chakrapanidatta. Shabdachandrika.( E- Nighantu). Vrukshadi varga. Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 15]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
23. Shodhala. Shodhala Nighantu. Sharma Priyavat. Editor. Guduchyadi varga, Orientalia Institute Baroda; 1978,pp.103.
24. Hemachandra suri. Nighantushesha. Gulma khanda.( E- Nighantu).Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 15]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
25. Abhidhanratnamala. Priyavat Sharma. Editor. Tikta Skandha. Adhyaya 4, Chaukhamba Oriental; Varanasi; 2008, pp.4.
26. Keshava. Siddhamantra Nighantu, ( commentary of Bopadeva), Kaphavataghna varga .( E- Nighantu).Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 15]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
27. Bopadeva. Hridayadipaka Nighantu. Priyavat Sharma. Editor. Ekpadavarga. ( Commentary of Bopadeva ) Chaukhamba Amar Bharati prakashan, Varanasi; 1977,pp.98.
28. Nripa Madanpala. Madanpala Nighantu. Harihar Prasad Tripathi. Editor. Abhayadi varga. Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; Varanasi, 2009, pp.46.
29. Kaiyadeva. Kaiyadeva Nighantu. Priyavata Sharma. Editor. Oushadhi Varga, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi;2009, pp.210.
30. Bhavamishra. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu.Chunekar K.C. Editor. Bhavaprakasha Purva Khanda Mishra Prakaran. Haritakyadi Varga. Chaukhamba Bharati Academy; Varanasi; 2010, pp. 98-100.
31. Narhari. Raja Nighantu, Tripathi Indradeva. Editor. Pippalayadi Varga. Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; Varanasi; 2006, pp.165.
32. Shivadatta. Shivakosa,( E- Nighantu).Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 16]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.) pp.106.
33. Shivadatta. Shivakosa,( E- Nighantu).Devloped by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 16]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.) pp.493.
34. Rajavallabha. Rajavallabha Nighantu. Ramprasad Vaidyoupadhyaya. Editor. Aushadhashraya Paricheda. Shiromani Narayan Das Pratisanskrita, 1983, pp.40.
35. Vyaskeshavaram. Laghu Nighantu,( E- Nighantu).Developed by NIIMH ( National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage ), Hyderabad for CCRAS ( Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science) New Delhi: 2012. [ Last accessed on 2019 September 16]. ( Available from: https://www.niimh.nic.in/ebooks/e-Nighantu.)
36. Shaligram. Shaligram Nighantu. Ashta Varga. Khemaraj Shrikrishnadas Prakashana, Mumbai; 2011,pp 199.
37. Bapalal Vaidya. Nighantu Adarsha. Vol-2, Nirgundyadi Varga, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy; Varanasi, 2005, pp. 255.
38. Aryadasa Kumara Singha, Mahoushadha Nighantu with Vidyotini Hindi Commentary and notes by Shri . Indradev Tripathi, 1 st edition, Chaukhambha Vidyabhawan, Varanasi, 1971, pp. 49.
39. Raja Radhakantdev Bahadur, Shabdakalpadrum, Vol 1-5, Nag Publishers, Delhi, 1988.
40. Apte, Vaman Shivram, The student’s English-Sanskrit dictionary, Biblio Bazaar; 2009.
41. William Monnier, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Oxford; 2007.
42. Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India e-book, Part-1. New Delhi; Govt. of India; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy; 2003.
43. Vd. Mrs. Pansare T.A., Comparative study of root and stem of Bharangi( Clerodendrum Serratum ( Linn) Moon) with special reference to standardization and anti-asthmatic action ( by experimental pharmacology), july 2012, pp 107.
44. Shastri JLN. Editor. Ayurvedokta Ousadha Niruktamala, Choukhambha orientalia Varanasi, 2014,pp. 79.
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