A review of garbhavikruti

The health of the nation depends on the health of its citizens. Data reveals that 3-5 % of all births result in congenital malformations, 20-30% of all infant deaths are due to genetic disorders and 30-50% of post neonatal deaths are due to congenital malformation. 1 Ayurveda the ancient Indian medical system has given due emphasis on this and postulated various measures to minimize the risks. The measures start well before conception. Proper pre conception preparations of the parents are essential pre-requisites for a healthy progeny. Biomedical behavioral of social risks to the health of the mother and the baby is identified by pre-conception care. It includes both prevention and management emphasizing health issues that require action before conception very early in pregnancy for maximum impact. Keyword: Garbhavikruti, Congenital

The health of the nation depends on the health of its citizens. Data reveals that 3-5 % of all births result in congenital malformations, 20-30% of all infant deaths are due to genetic disorders and 30-50% of post neonatal deaths are due to congenital malformation. 1 Ayurveda the ancient Indian medical system has given due emphasis on this and postulated various measures to minimize the risks. The measures start well before conception. Proper pre conception preparations of the parents are essential pre-requisites for a healthy progeny. Biomedical behavioral of social risks to the health of the mother and the baby is identified by pre-conception care. It includes both prevention and management emphasizing health issues that require action before conception very early in pregnancy for maximum impact.

Introduction:
Ayurveda an ancient science gives us knowledge about Garbha, Garbhavkranti and Garbhavikruti, their Hetu and management. According to Ayurveda the combination of Shukra, Shonita, Atma and Shadbhavas gives rise to healthy progeny or offspring. 2 The union or Sammurchhana of Shukra, Shonita and soul inside the womb is known as Garbha.
According to Ayurveda soft organs and tough organs develops from Matruja and Pitruja Bhava respectively. 4  The man should not lie below the woman, because after this postural copulation if woman delivers a male child, he will have www.ayurlog.com E-ISSN: 2320-7329 2 feminine characters and if female child then she will have masculine habits. 6 According to modern science of medicine congenital malformations occurring in offspring are due to chromosomal abnormality 7 . Though modern medicine has advance in all the ways and techniques in field of health but it still has fail to explain the exact cause of congenital malformations.
According to Ayurveda combination of Shukra, Shonita, Aatma and Shadbhavas gives rise to healthy progeny or offspring. Negligence of any of the factor can cause unhealthy or defective offspring.

Aim
To review Garbhavikruti according to Ayurvedic science.

OBJECTIVES
Conceptual study of Garbhavikruti.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
According to Acharya Charaka due to abnormalities at Beeja, Atma, Karma, Kala, Ashaya and dietics along with the mode of life of mother, the vitiated Dosha's produces abnormalities at foetus affecting its appearance, complexions and Indriyas. As tree fallen in the stream of water at river, it gets disintegrated due to woods, stones and flowing water. Similarly an aggravated Dosha's situated in Kukshi disfigures the foetus. 8 Acharya Charaka said that whatever the Beejansha gets Dushta due to any cause, the organ developing from that part has defect in it. Hence not always but sometimes the progeny produced from defective Beeja is defective. The deformity in organs is due to deformity in any of Beeja, Beejabhaga or Beejabhagavayav or all of them. Whenever any of them is vitiated causes the malfunctioning of respective organs which are supposed to be developed from that part. 9 In modern science also it is concluded that any congenital anomaly occurring in a foetus is due to the impact of mutation of gene which is responsible for genetic makeup of the respective organ. 10 Acharya Charaka has also stated that the physical mental and spiritual status of a pregnant woman is also responsible for fate of her child. He opines that whatever a pregnant woman thinks affects the foetus in her womb. The bad thoughts in her mind may mutate the child's personality. If a woman thinks of a specific species of an animal in her mind the progeny produced may have similar character of that species. 11 Thus in short Atheism of parents, bad deeds of previous life and aggravation of Vayu are three main causes of teratologic abnormalities. 12

दिवास्वपत्ाां
-स्वापशील: Sushruta has mention that from the day of conception the woman should totally give up coitus, exercise, excessive satiation ( Santarpana or anabolics ), excessive emaciation (Apatarpana or catabolism), sleeping in day and awakening in night ,grief, riding on vehicle , fear, squatting or the posture of on the sitting on the arms with the soles of feet touching the ground ( utkatukasana) and untiming use of snehan(oleation) blood letting and suppression of natural urges. The coitus troubles the foetus 23

FACTORS ESSENTIAL FOR SUPRAJA NIRMITI
According to Acharyas the progeny produced is might be defective due to defective Beeja that means the defective sperm or ovum in order to avoid that we have to know about Shuddha Shukra 25,26 and Shuddha Artava 27 in order to prevent congenital deformities caused by Dushta Beeja.

GARBHASANSKARA
Sanskara means to enhance the properties of an element without changing its original qualities. In Ayurveda, Acharya Dayananda has described 16 types of Sanskaras.
Ayurveda has explained these Sanskara in order to decrease the defects in foetus and in order to obtained a healthy progeny. Out of them the first three are of more important as they are indicated in intrauterine life in order to enhance the good qualities in foetus and to avoid the bad effects of any teratologic factor.

CONGENITAL ANAMOLIES 1
Congenital anomalies are the anomalies that effects a body part or physiologic function and is present at birth. It is caused by abnormal development of a foetus, the process is affected by a genetic, environmental or both factors.
The disturbance of the regulation and development cascades takes place on the level of tissue, cell or molecule.

TREATMENT FOR CONGENITAL ANAMOLIES
As like Ayurveda the modern medicine also believes in term that "prevention is better than cure."

Primary prevention
The main goal is to prevent anomaly or malformation before they develop (that means before conception or during pregnancy) Supplementation with Folic acid is must.

Secondary prevention
The main goal is to prevent the birth of a child with congenital anomalies. However the termination of pregnancy is not a prevention. We can terminate pregnancy in order to prevent such births. However, the termination of pregnancy may not be legal in each country. In India is legal to terminate a pregnancy up to 20 th week of gestation for sever congenital malformations.

ASPECTS OF TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
Treatment options vary depending on the conditions and level of severity. Some birth defects can be corrected before birth or shortly after birth. Other defects, however, may affect a child for the rest of her life. Mild defects can be stressful, Cerebral palsy or Spina bifida, can cause long term disability or even death.

 MEDICATION
Medication may be used to treat some birth defects or to lower the risk of complications from certain defects. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to mother to help correct an anomaly before birth.
 SURGERIES Surgeries can fix certain defects or ease harmful symptoms. Some people with physical birth defects, such as cleft lip may undergo plastic surgeries for either health or cosmetic benefits. Many babies with heart defects will need surgery as well.
 HOME CARE Parents may be instructed to follow specific instructions for feeding, bathing and monitoring an infant with a birth defect.

GENETIC COUNSELLING
A genetic counselor can advise couples with family history of a defect or other risk factors for birth defects. A counselor may be helpful when you are thinking about conception or already expecting.
Genetic counselor can determine the like hood that your baby will be born with defects by evaluating family history and medical records. They may also order test to analize the genes of mother, father and baby.

Discussion:
The physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being of the person, proper nutrition of the mother during pregnancy, and practice of a wholesome regimen, play a prime role in achieving a healthy offspring, thus structuring a healthy family, society and nation. Negligence toward any of these factors becomes a www.ayurlog.com E-ISSN: 2320-7329 6 cause for unhealthy and defective child birth. The present conceptual study, thus focuses mainly on interpreting these observations, on the basis of modern scientific knowledge.