Concept of Tantrayukti with special emphasis on Adhikarana Tantrayukti

A cautious evaluation of Ayurveda treatises reveals that there is a comprehensive approach regarding research. Tantrayukti is the systemic approach of studying a science to interpret its correct unambiguous meaning for its practical application. Tantrayukti is tools of textual study, method of study and teaching. It present as framework which clears the appropriate meaning and help to understand the real sense of shloka . One should interpret the Samhita with the help of these tantrayukti to understand the science in an apparent way. Adhikaran Tantrayukti is one among the 40 tantrayukti explained by different acharyas . It is widely used by our acharyas while constructing the Samhita for easy understanding. Even in the field of research Adhikarana refer to the subject or area with which the researcher is going to deal with. This review article highlights the importance of Tantrayukti in explaining the samhitas and also the utility of Adhikaran in understanding of classical text and its importance in research.


INTRODUCTION
Ayurveda is a science of life which has holistic approach. It deals with the preventive as well as the curative aspects of disease by its own principles. Acharyas have used some methodology while composing the Shastra in the term of Sutra to put knowledge in the concise and precise manners. So this knowledge can't be perceived by everyone as its hidden. To understand this knowledge briefly ancient scholars followed various grammatical and compositional tools while writing their Samhita, and tantrayukti is one of them. Understanding of these techniques are inevitable for deeper study of Ayurveda. Adhikaran Tantrayukti, one among the 40 tantrayukti is important as it demonstrates the focal topic that the creator expects to explain in his treatise. But in the lenthy run on path of education and research in ayurveda, the necessity and utility of tantrayukti is the most ignored part. Hence this study has been undertaken to explain the utility of tantrayukti by giving special emphasis to Adhikaran Tantryukti.

To study the importance and utility
tantrayukti as mentioned in different samhitas.

To study the Adhikaran tantrayukti
in detail.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data of this literature is collected from different Ayurvedic Samhitas and their respective commentaries, various articles of different websites have been referred for the specific materials.

Meaning of the word Tantrayukti
The term "tantra" has been derived from the word "tanu vistare" (tanu dhatu + strana pratyaya) meaning "tananam-vistaraṇamiti tantram" means detailed knowledge of the subject which can be elaborated in detail. The term 'yukti' is derived from the word samadyarthaka yuj dhatu + ktin pratyaya. Yukti is otherwise called yojana of meaning planning. Tantrayukti is described as the methodology and method that allows one to compose and interpret scientific treatises efficaciously and intelligently. In different words, it stands for the systemic strategy to a scientific difficulty and it permits one to elucidate in reality and get a definite meaning for its practical application.

Reference of Tantrayukti in Ayurveda and other literature
There is variation in the no. of Tantrayukti  Vikalpa

Utility and Importance of Tantrayukti
All the Acharyas have explained about the need and utility of Tantrayukti from which one can understand its importance.

Definition of Adhikaran Tantrayukti according to different Acharyas
Adhikarana is the subject about which something is spoken of. For example-on (the subject of) Rasa or on (the subject of) Dosha.
A chapter of a particular topic or subject is known as Adhikaran. The subject matter taken as the main topic is described in detail in the particular Adhikaran. E.g., The chapter that describes a roga (disease) is named by particular diseaserogadhikara viz; jwaradhikar, pramehadhikar.
The author aims to clarify the central themes in a treatise written by the author. The key subject matter for which every text and chapter is built and for which the subject can be automatically acquired by speech is called adhikarana tantrayukti. In a particular adhikara question, there may be one or more restricted adhikarana.
It is claimed, for example, that this Ayurvedic treatise is provided to prevent and cure diseases that are impediments to the path of a person willing to perform justly in the sense of duties. Here the illnesses, the treatises, etc. constitute the adhikara or the central theme or an adhikarana of Charak samhita to obtain longevity of life (dirghamjivita).
Adhikaraṇa tantrayukti can be subtitled in five types as below-1. Shastra adhikaran -ayurveda shastra is present in order to prevent and cure diseases and obtained longevity of life to perform righteous thing on the context of duties.

Sthana adhikaran -Adhikaraṇa of
Chikitsa sthana of Charak Samhita is stated by Chakrapani is a patient who are not having sign and symptoms of arishta lakshana treatment of those are mentioned here which endows the physician with virtue, wealth and reputation in the society. So the chikitsa sthana deals with the methods to be followed for the treatment of such curable patients.

Adhyaya adhikaran
there is separate own Adhikaraṇa of each adhyaya of Chikitsa sthan of charak samhita. 4. Prakaran adhikaranaccording to the variation in nidan panchaka of every diseases and in base of that line of treatment of every diseases are explained in different point of view, according to various stages of diseases.

Importance of Adhikaran Tantrayukti in understanding Samhitas
Intention of composition of group of verses is Adhikaran Tantrayukti. For example, Ayurved science is originated for the sake of roga (diseases); hence roga is adhikaran of Ayurved science.
Ayurved Samhitas are the best example of Adhikaran Tantrayukti. Each Samhita has specific adhikarana such as adhikarana of Sushruta Samhita is Shalyatantra i.e. surgery; adhikaran of Kashyap Samhita is Balaroga. Because of this it is very easy to understand the perticular topic from the entire Samhita.

Some examples of Adhikaran Tantrayukti in Charak Samhita
Its described in gulma chikitsa that while treating the pittaja gulma in a specific condition explained in charaka says that its responsibility of physician(surgeon) belonging to the Dhanwantari school who are well experience practically also in various aspect of surgery that is necessary for curing this disease. Here Charaka samhita is kayachikitsa pradhan so the treatment regarding surgical point of view is not the adhikaraṇa of charaka so without crossing its adhikarana, charaka mentioned shalya adhikarana to the Dhanvantariya School which deals with the surgery.
In the treatment of Prameha Chikitsa, the treatment of Prameha Pidaka which is explained Roga Chatushka but treatment of this prameha pidaka is within the scope of surgeons and not the physicians Charaka deals with the medicine and not the surgery. Therefore, only line of treatment of this condition is indicated here and details are left to surgeons. So it is not the adhikaraṇa of caraka samhita to go into the details of a subject and not explained in detail.

Applicability in Research
Adhikarana refers to the name of the topic/subject that is taken up for the study i.e. subject matter. It indicates the central theme that the author intends to expound in his treatise. In the field of research, Adhikarana refers to the subject or the area with which the researcher is going to deal with. The primary and one of the crucial necessities of the research process is to delineate the research study area clearly which helps to decide the boundaries of research. While selecting the topic, a researcher is advised to consider few things like the area of interest, upcoming trends, and burning issues in the society or something else in which he is compatible.

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In a nutshell, the topic for the research should be FINER i.e. feasible, interesting, novel, ethical and relevant.

CONCLISION:-
To understand the true meaning of Samhitas, Tantrayuktis are necessary and basic techniques. A good knowledge of these methods helps to understand the texts in correct perspective as the author has intended without such a knowledge there is risk of misinterpretation. A researcher can re-established or explore a new fact in literary research with the help of various tantrayuktis. Adhikaran tantrayukti is one of the important Tantrayukti using which the samhitas are made. Because of this it is easy to search specific topic in the treatise. It is the task of the scholars to disclose those valuable concepts contained in the treasure house of information.