Integrative analysis of the gut–lung axis and annavaha srotodushti in tamaka shwasa (bronchial asthma)

Abstract

Bronchial Asthma, described as Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurveda, is recognised as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways with a complex and multifactorial origin. Modern biomedical research increasingly draws attention to the Gut–Lung Axis, a dynamic two-way communication network between the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system. This connection is influenced by gut microbiota, immune mediators, microbial metabolites, and various neuro-endocrine pathways that together shape respiratory immunity and inflammation.

Ayurveda emphasises the close relationship between digestive health and respiratory function. The role of Annavaha Srotas, the channel responsible for digestion, absorption, and nourishment, is considered crucial in the development of Tamaka Shwasa. Imbalances in Agni, formation of Ama, Srotodushti, and disturbances in systemic Doshas are described as contributing factors that weaken the respiratory channels and predispose individuals to recurrent episodes of breathlessness. These classical concepts correspond closely with emerging scientific understandings of gut dysbiosis, altered metabolic signalling, and immune dysfunction observed in asthma.

The present paper aims to explore the integrative relevance of Annavaha Srotas and the Gut–Lung Axis in explaining the pathogenesis, phenotypes, and progression of Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma). By drawing correlations between Ayurvedic theory and contemporary biomedical evidence, the study attempts to develop a broader interdisciplinary perspective. This approach highlights the importance of maintaining digestive strength, gut microbial balance, and metabolic stability as key determinants of respiratory health and offers insights for preventive as well as multidimensional therapeutic strategies.