Endometriosis through the lens of ayurveda: a comprehensive review

Abstract

The woman is the fundamental origin of human reproduction, and any disorder affecting the female reproductive system inevitably impacts the potential for healthy progeny. Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of functioning endometrium in sites other than the uterine mucosa. The prevalence is approximately 10-15%. Women with endometriosis are usually confronted with symptoms such as pain, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), and infertility. Pain includes dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pelvic pain.

In Ayurveda, this condition can be correlated with various types of Yonivyapada on the basis of accompanying symptoms. Ayurvedic management can be performed on the basis of Tridoshic theory, where Vata is responsible for the displacement of endometrial cells from their original location in the uterus to places outside the uterine cavity. Pitta governs blood circulation, hormonal activity, and menstruation, and contributes to the inflammatory nature of the disease. Kapha is involved in abnormal growth and the increasing buildup of cells, which can resemble a tumor-like development. Therefore, the treatment approach can include Amapachana and the correction of Agni, Vaatanulomana, Mridu virechana, Vatashamaka, Raktasravarodhaka, Granthihar, and Lekhana Chikitsa, etc. Additionally, dietary and lifestyle modifications play a crucial role in managing and preventing the progression of the disease. Ayurveda offers a holistic approach to managing endometriosis by addressing root causes, balancing hormones, and relieving pain. Further clinical trials are needed to validate and standardize these treatments.